1. Expulsion by the Native Egyptian Kings: Around 1550 BCE, the native Egyptian rulers of Thebes, known as the Theban kings, launched a series of military campaigns against the Hyksos. These campaigns gradually weakened the Hyksos' control over Egypt, leading to their eventual expulsion from the region.
2. Internal Divisions: The Hyksos were not a unified group but rather a coalition of different ethnicities and cultures. Over time, internal divisions and conflicts may have weakened their control and cohesion, making it harder to resist the native Egyptian forces.
3. Changes in Political Landscape: The rise of powerful empires in the region, such as the Hittites and the Middle Kingdom of Egypt, may have influenced the Hyksos' ability to maintain their rule in Egypt. These external pressures could have contributed to their decision to leave Egypt.
4. Economic Factors: Changes in trade routes and economic dynamics in the region may have impacted the Hyksos' economic stability and led them to seek opportunities elsewhere.
It's important to note that the exact reasons for the Hyksos departure are still debated among scholars, and there may have been a combination of factors contributing to their exit.