Imposed strict Maliki Sunni Islam, replacing traditional West African practices—profound social, cultural, political shift.
Almoravid camel cavalry defeated Ghana's forces; lost key trade center Audaghost, weakening economic/political power.
Trans-Saharan routes shifted to Almoravid control; gold, ivory, salt trade declined.
Ghana's regional authority diminished as Almoravids expanded across West Africa.
Established madrasas; attracted scholars/students; advanced Islamic scholarship in region.
Summary: Religious conversion, military defeat, trade loss, power shift, but also educational diffusion.