Sudan: Two-Thirds Desert

Approximately ⅔ (66%) of Sudan's total land area (1.88M km²) is desert or semi-desert.

Northern Sahara Desert: Extreme hyper-arid (Libyan/Nubian Deserts); ~30% of country. Bare rock, sand seas (ergs), zero rainfall years. Population negligible.
Central Semi-Desert / Sahel Transition: ~35%. Sparse acacia scrub, seasonal grasses, erratic rainfall (50–200 mm/yr). Nomadic pastoralism (camels, sheep, goats).
Southern Savanna / Floodplains: ~30%. Higher rainfall (400–1000+ mm); agriculture (sorghum, millet, sesame, gum arabic), livestock, wetlands (Sudd — but mostly in South Sudan post-2011).

Population concentrated along Nile Valley (north) and southern belt.
Desertification advancing south due to climate change, overgrazing, deforestation.
Resources: Oil (mostly South Sudan now), gold (Ariab), potential solar — in desert zones.
Conflict: Resource competition (water, land) fuels Darfur, Kordofan, Blue Nile conflicts.

Sudan's geography is defined by the northward creep of the Sahara and the lifeline of the Nile.

Africa