- Mining: Zimbabwe was and still is known for its abundant mineral resources, including gold, diamonds, platinum, and chromium. Mining has played a significant role in the country's economy for over a century.
- Agriculture: Zimbabwe was once the breadbasket of southern Africa, producing large quantities of tobacco, maize (corn), cotton, and wheat. The agricultural industry was the backbone of the economy and provided employment to a large portion of the population.
- Tourism: Zimbabwe was a popular tourist destination due to its natural beauty, including Victoria Falls, one of the largest waterfalls in the world, as well as its diverse wildlife and national parks.
After Independence (1980-Present)
- Political Instability: Zimbabwe experienced political instability and economic decline following its independence in 1980, largely due to the policies and leadership of President Robert Mugabe and his ruling ZANU-PF party. Mugabe's government often used violence and intimidation to suppress dissent and maintain power.
- Economic Decline: The country's economy experienced hyperinflation, unemployment, and shortages of basic goods. Economic mismanagement, corruption, and land reform policies that disrupted agricultural production contributed to the decline.
- Human Rights Abuses: Human rights abuses and political repression were prevalent under Mugabe's rule, including arbitrary arrests, torture, and the suppression of freedom of speech and the media.
- International Isolation: Zimbabwe became increasingly isolated from the international community due to its human rights record and economic policies, leading to sanctions and strained diplomatic relations.
- Recent Developments: In November 2017, Mugabe was forced to resign after a military intervention, and a new government led by Emmerson Mnangagwa took over. Efforts have been made to improve the economy and address some of the challenges facing the country. However, Zimbabwe continues to face significant challenges in terms of governance, human rights, economic recovery, and social development.
