What five nations had established spheres of influence in China by the late 1890?

By the late 1890s, five nations had established spheres of influence in China:

1. Great Britain:

Sphere of Influence: Yangtze River Valley and Burma.

Important Treaty: Treaty of Nanjing (1842).

2. France:

Sphere of Influence: Southern China and Vietnam.

Important Treaty: Treaty of Tientsin (1885).

3. Germany:

Sphere of Influence: Shandong Province.

Important Treaty: Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895).

4. Russia:

Sphere of Influence: Manchuria and Outer Mongolia.

Important Treaty: Treaty of Aigun (1858).

5. Japan:

Sphere of Influence: Taiwan and Korea.

Important Treaty: Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895).