The first permanent Russian settlements in Siberia were established in the 1630s, and the Russian government soon began to exert more formal control over the region. In 1648, the Russian government established the Siberian Prikaz, a government agency responsible for administering Siberia.
The Russian conquest of Siberia was facilitated by a number of factors, including the political disunity of the indigenous Siberian peoples, the superior military technology of the Russians, and the spread of infectious diseases. By the end of the 17th century, the Russians had control over most of Siberia.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Siberia continued to be a vital part of the Russian Empire. The region provided a source of natural resources, such as furs, timber, and gold, and was also used as a place of exile for political prisoners and other undesirables. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Russian government encouraged large-scale migration to Siberia in order to develop the region and strengthen the empire's presence in the Far East.
After the Russian Revolution in 1917, Siberia became part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union. Siberia remained an important region within the Soviet Union, serving as a major center for industry, agriculture, and natural resource extraction.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Siberia became part of the newly independent Russian Federation. The region continues to play a vital role in the Russian economy, accounting for a significant portion of the country's natural resource production and exports.