The coldest, northernmost zone, covering much of Siberia and northern Russia. Characterized by permafrost, low temperatures, and a short growing season. Vegetation includes mosses, lichens, sedges, and dwarf shrubs.
The world's largest terrestrial biome, stretching across northern Eurasia. Dominated by coniferous trees—spruce, fir, pine—with some deciduous species like birch and aspen. Features cold, snowy winters and warm summers.
Covers central and eastern Asia (parts of Russia, China, Japan, Korea). Four distinct seasons with warm, humid summers and cold, dry winters. Dominated by oak, maple, birch, and elm trees that shed leaves in winter.
Spans central and western Asia (Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, China). Continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. Vegetation is primarily grasses, sedges, and forbs, with few trees.
Includes the Gobi Desert (Mongolia/China) and Taklamakan Desert (China). Extreme temperatures, minimal rainfall, sparse vegetation. Plants have deep roots and water-conserving adaptations.
Found in southwestern Asia (Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel). Hot, dry summers; mild, wet winters. Characterized by evergreen shrubs (maquis, garrigue), olive groves, and vineyards.
Located in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines). High temperatures, heavy rainfall, dense biodiversity. Home to countless epiphytes and a vast array of flora and fauna.
Covers parts of South and Southeast Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Cambodia). Distinct wet and dry seasons. Dominated by grasses with scattered trees such as acacia and baobab.