Who Runs Australia? PM, Cabinet, Parliament, King/GP, States

Australia is a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy.

Federal Executive

• King Charles III — Head of State, represented by Governor-General (currently Sam Mostyn).
• Prime Minister (Anthony Albanese) — Head of Government; leads Cabinet; must command House of Representatives confidence.
• Cabinet — Senior ministers decide policy.

Federal Legislature

• Parliament: House of Reps (150, elected 3-yr terms) + Senate (76, 6-yr rotating, proportional).
• Makes laws; scrutinizes government.

States & Territories (6 + 2)

• Each has own Premier/Chief Minister, Parliament, courts, police, schools, hospitals, roads.
• Federal law prevails in conflicts (s.109 Constitution).

Key Principles

• Responsible government (executive from legislature).
• Separation of powers (legislative, executive, judicial).
• Rule of law, democratic elections, human rights.

The PM and Cabinet effectively "run the country" day-to-day, under parliamentary oversight and constitutional constraint.