* The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC), established under the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission Act 1989, was a statutory body responsible for delivering the Australian Government's policy on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander affairs from 1990-2005.
* The Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation, established in 1991 under the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation Act 1991, was an independent body charged with overseeing and supporting processes of reconciliation between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and other Australians.
* The National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Strategy, developed in 1989 and revised in 1997, 2003 and 2013, is a comprehensive framework for improving the health and well-being of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
* The Indigenous Education (Targeted Assistance) Act 2000 provides funding for programs and initiatives to support the educational participation and attainment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students.
* The Closing the Gap initiative, launched in 2008, is a collaborative effort between the Australian, state and territory governments, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander organisations, to achieve equality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in terms of education, employment, health and social services.
* The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Healing Foundation, established in 2007 under the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Healing Foundation Act 2007, provides support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to help them heal from the impacts of past injustices, such as the Stolen Generations and removal of Aboriginal children from their families.
* The Indigenous Advancement Strategy, launched in 2014, is a whole-of-government approach to improving the well-being of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples by focusing on education, economic opportunity, health, justice, housing, and culture.
* The Referendum on Constitutional Recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples was held in November 2017 to propose amending the Australian Constitution to recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the Constitution and establish an advisory body on these issues.
While there have been some successes in improving the lives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in many areas, notably health and education, they still face significant challenges and gaps in socio-economic outcomes compared to non-Indigenous Australians. Progress in many areas has been slow, and there is ongoing debate and discussion about the best approaches and policies to achieve further improvements in the well-being of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
