Quebec City Settlement in 1608 (Not 1600)

Correction: Quebec City was founded in **1608**, not 1600. In 1600, Pierre de Chauvin attempted a trading post at Tadoussac (failed).

Quebec 1608 (Champlain's Habitation):

• Site: Cap Diamant (Cape Diamond), narrowing of St. Lawrence. Natural fortress.
• Structure: Three main buildings (quarters, storehouse, gallery) around a courtyard, palisaded (wood stakes), moat. ~28 men.
• First Winter (1608–09): Scurvy, cold, starvation. Only 8 survived. Rescued by spring supply ship.
• Relations: Alliance with Algonquin, Montagnais, Huron (Wendat) vs. Iroquois (Haudenosaunee).
• Growth: 1615: Recollect missionaries. 1620: Stone fort (Fort Saint-Louis). 1627: Company of 100 Associates charter. 1629: Captured by English (Kirkes). 1632: Returned to France (Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye).

By 1663 (Royal Colony): ~500 settlers. Became capital of New France.