Canada's Atlantic Provinces: The Maritimes and Newfoundland & Labrador

The Four Easternmost Provinces

Collectively called the Atlantic Provinces (often "the Maritimes" plus Newfoundland & Labrador), they share the Atlantic coastline, a maritime climate, and historical ties to the sea.

1. Newfoundland and Labrador

• Easternmost point in North America (Cape Spear).
• Comprises the island of Newfoundland and mainland Labrador (bordering Quebec).
• Capital: St. John's. Economy: offshore oil, fisheries, tourism.

2. Prince Edward Island (PEI)

• Smallest province by area and population; highest density.
• Located in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, connected by Confederation Bridge (12.9 km) to New Brunswick.
• Capital: Charlottetown. Famous for red soil, potatoes, Anne of Green Gables.

3. Nova Scotia

• Mainland peninsula + Cape Breton Island (connected by Canso Causeway).
• Bay of Fundy (world's highest tides) separates it from New Brunswick.
• Capital: Halifax—major Atlantic port, universities, naval base.

4. New Brunswick

• Mainland province north of Nova Scotia, east of Quebec, south of Maine (USA).
• Only officially bilingual province (English/French).
• Capital: Fredericton; largest metro: Moncton. Economy: forestry, petroleum refining, ICT, tourism.

Shared Features

• Maritime climate: cool summers, mild winters, high precipitation, fog.
• Celtic/Acadian cultural heritage, seafood cuisine, folk music.
• Atlantic Growth Strategy (federal-provincial) aims to boost immigration, innovation, infrastructure.