Wanderlust World Wanderlust World Before Dutch consolidation (1800–1900s), the archipelago comprised diverse polities:
| Polity | Era | Base | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Srivijaya | 7th–13th c. | Palembang, Sumatra | Buddhist maritime empire; controlled Malacca/Sunda Straits trade; center of learning |
| Majapahit | 1293–1527 | Trowulan, East Java | Hindu-Buddhist thalassocracy; maximal extent under Hayam Wuruk/Gajah Mada; tributary network across SEA |
| Sultanate of Aceh | 1496–1903 | Banda Aceh, N. Sumatra | Islamic power; pepper/gold trade; resisted Portuguese/Dutch; center of Malay scholarship |
| Kingdom of Gowa-Tallo | 14th–1667 | Makassar, Sulawesi | Makassarese/Buginese dual kingdom; spice trade, naval power; fell to VOC |
| Sultanate of Ternate | 1257–1914 | Ternate, Maluku | Clove monopoly; global spice trade node; rival Tidore; early Islamization |
| Mataram Sultanate | 1587–1755 | Kota Gede, Yogyakarta | Javanese Islamic state; split into Surakarta & Yogyakarta (survive as special region) |
| Banten Sultanate | 1526–1813 | Banten, W. Java | Pepper port; rival to VOC Batavia |
| Bali Kingdoms | 10th–1906 | Multiple (Gelgel, Klungkung, Badung) | Hindu-Buddhist culture; resisted Dutch to 1906/1908 puputan |