Three Main Vegetation Zones of Russia

Russia's vast territory spans three primary vegetation zones from north to south:

1. Tundra: Arctic north; permafrost, no trees; mosses, lichens, grasses, shrubs.
2. Taiga (Boreal Forest): Largest zone; coniferous forests (spruce, fir, pine, larch) with some deciduous mix.
3. Temperate Forest: Southern zone; deciduous forests (oak, maple, birch, aspen) with some conifers.

These zones reflect the dramatic latitudinal climate gradient across the world's largest country.