Wiesel mentions the MS St. Louis (1939) to illustrate the world's refusal to shelter Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi Germany.
The St. Louis carried 900+ Jewish refugees from Germany to Cuba. Cuba denied entry; the US and Canada also refused. The ship returned to Europe. Most passengers later perished in the Holocaust.
The episode epitomizes the indifference and moral failure of the international community. By invoking it, Wiesel connects his narrative to this historical benchmark of abandonment, underscoring the consequences of inaction.