10 Major Languages Spoken in Europe

By native-speaker population within Europe:

1. Russian – ~110M (Russia, Belarus, parts of Ukraine, Baltics)
2. German – ~95M (Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Belgium)
3. French – ~80M (France, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Monaco)
4. English – ~70M (UK, Ireland, Malta; plus vast L2 use)
5. Italian – ~65M (Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican)
6. Spanish – ~47M (Spain, Andorra)
7. Polish – ~38M (Poland)
8. Ukrainian – ~35M (Ukraine)
9. Romanian – ~24M (Romania, Moldova)
10. Dutch – ~23M (Netherlands, Belgium/Flanders)

Note: Rankings shift if L2 speakers are counted; English becomes #1. Many regional/minority languages (Catalan, Basque, Welsh, Sami, etc.) also thrive.