- Libya: Italy successfully conquered and colonized Libya by defeating the Ottoman Empire in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911-1912.
- Ethiopia: Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935 and annexed it in 1936, creating the colony of Italian East Africa. However, Ethiopian resistance and guerrilla warfare led to the downfall of Italian rule and the restoration of Ethiopia's independence in 1941.
- Eritrea and Somalia: Italy established colonial control over Eritrea and Somalia, which were geographically integral to their expansion into the Horn of Africa.
The Eastern Mediterranean:
- Dodecanese Islands: Italy seized control of several islands in the Dodecanese chain in the Aegean Sea from the Ottoman Empire during the Italo-Turkish War.
- Albania: Italy sought to establish influence and control over Albania, eventually leading to its occupation and the creation of the Italian protectorate of Albania in 1939.
- Greece: Italy invaded Greece in October 1940 as part of its territorial ambitions in the Balkans, but encountered stiff resistance and defeat at the hands of the Greek army.
The Balkans and Eastern Europe:
- Croatia and Slovenia: During World War II, Italy occupied parts of Croatia and Slovenia and established puppet regimes.
- Montenegro and Macedonia: Italy briefly occupied parts of Montenegro and Macedonia during World War II, but did not attempt to formally annex them.
Overall, Italy's territorial expansion efforts were mostly focused on North Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean, and Southeastern Europe, with varying levels of success and eventual setbacks during World War II.