What has harmed the natural environment of mediterranean sea?

- Industrial and agricultural waste, sewage, oil spills, and plastic debris have significantly degraded the Mediterranean Sea's water quality.

Overfishing:

- Excessive fishing has led to the decline of many fish species, including bluefin tuna, swordfish, and sea turtles. Bottom trawling, a fishing technique that drags heavy nets along the seafloor, also damages marine habitats and ecosystems.

Habitat Destruction:

- Coastal development, including the construction of ports, marinas, and tourist resorts, has destroyed important habitats such as wetlands, seagrass meadows, and coral reefs. This loss of habitat adversely affects marine biodiversity.

Climate Change:

- Rising sea temperatures, ocean acidification, and altered weather patterns due to climate change have profound impacts on the Mediterranean Sea. Coral bleaching, reduced oxygen levels, and changes in species distribution and abundance have been observed.

Invasive Species:

- The introduction of non-native species, such as the lionfish, has disrupted the natural food chain and affected indigenous marine life. These invasive species often outcompete native species for resources and can cause significant ecological imbalances.

Shipping and Noise Pollution:

- Heavy maritime traffic, including cargo ships, cruise ships, and military vessels, generates noise and physical disturbance that can harm marine life. Whales and dolphins are particularly vulnerable to noise pollution, affecting their communication and ability to navigate.

Unsustainable Tourism:

- Mass tourism, especially during the summer months, puts tremendous pressure on coastal ecosystems. Overcrowding, littering, and inadequate waste management contribute to environmental degradation.

Lack of Effective Conservation and Management:

- Insufficient cooperation and coordination among countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea hamper effective conservation and management efforts. Despite existing agreements and initiatives, weak enforcement and a lack of resources impede progress in protecting the marine environment.