Belfast, capital of Northern Ireland, is the nearest major city to Dublin. The drive via M1/A1 takes ~2 hours (165 km / 103 mi).
Geography: both cities sit on the Irish Sea coast, separated by the Mourne Mountains and County Louth. Historically linked by trade, migration, and the Enterprise cross-border rail service (2 hr 15 min).
Note: If considering any settlement, Warrenpoint (NI) is ~90 km south of Dublin, but Belfast is the closest city by standard definitions.