Describe three factors that affect changes in the human population of Ireland?

1. Fertility Rates: Ireland's fertility rate is one of the key factors influencing population changes. The total fertility rate (TFR) refers to the average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime. Ireland has experienced a significant decline in its fertility rates over the past few decades. In the early 1900s, the TFR was approximately 5.5 children per woman, but it has since dropped down to around 1.8 children per woman in recent years. This decline in fertility rates can be attributed to several factors, including increased urbanization, access to education and employment opportunities for women, and the rising cost of living.

2. Mortality Rates: Mortality rates play a crucial role in determining the population growth or decline of a country. In Ireland, life expectancy has increased significantly over the past few decades. In the early 1900s, the life expectancy at birth was around 50 years for both males and females. However, it has now risen to approximately 83 years for males and 86 years for females. The decline in mortality rates is primarily due to improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and nutrition, as well as advancements in medical technology.

3. Net Migration: Net migration refers to the difference between the number of people entering and leaving a country over a specific period. Ireland has experienced periods of both positive and negative net migration. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, Ireland faced significant emigration, primarily driven by economic hardships, such as the Great Famine. However, in recent decades, Ireland has become a net migration country, attracting a considerable amount of immigrants due to economic opportunities, a high standard of living, and a multicultural society. The influx of immigrants has contributed to the growth and diversification of Ireland's population.