Who Proposed the New Jersey Plan? William Paterson at the 1787 Constitutional Convention
The New Jersey Plan (also called the "Small State Plan") was introduced on June 15, 1787 by William Paterson, delegate from New Jersey.
Context
- Response to: Virginia Plan (James Madison, May 29) — proportional representation in both houses.
- Core Proposal: Unicameral legislature with equal state representation (one vote per state), preserving state sovereignty.
- Other Features: Plural executive, limited federal powers (tax, trade), supremacy clause, judiciary appointed by executive.
Outcome
- Defeated (7–3) but forced the Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise): bicameral Congress with proportional House + equal Senate.
- Paterson later signed Constitution; became US Senator, Governor, Supreme Court Justice.
Key Supporters
Delegates from small states: New Jersey, New York (initially), Delaware, Connecticut (Roger Sherman), Maryland (Luther Martin).
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