1756–1763: The Seven Years' War in Europe and North America

Europe

Global conflict among major powers. Began as Austria–Prussia struggle over Silesia. Alliances: Britain/Prussia/Hanover vs. France/Austria/Russia/Sweden/Saxony/German states. Key battles: Rossbach (1757), Leuthen (1757). Ended with Treaty of Hubertusburg (1763)—status quo ante for Silesia.

North America (French and Indian War)

Extension of the global war. Britain vs. France over Ohio Valley and Canada. British victory with colonial aid.

Consequences

• Treaty of Paris (1763): Britain gains Canada, Florida; France cedes territory to cover debts.
• Seeds of American Revolution planted.
• Prussia emerges strengthened in Europe.