Democratic Nations Beyond the UK and USA: Five Examples

Democracy takes many forms. Five diverse examples of established democracies (besides the UK and USA):

1. Canada – Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy. King (GG) = head of state; PM = head of government. Multi-party; fixed 4-year terms (usually).
2. Germany – Federal parliamentary republic. President (ceremonial); Chancellor (executive) elected by Bundestag. Mixed-member proportional representation; coalition governments standard.
3. India – Federal parliamentary republic (world's largest electorate). President (ceremonial); PM responsible to Lok Sabha. Multi-party; first-past-the-post; vibrant, chaotic pluralism.
4. Japan – Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Emperor (symbolic); PM from Diet. LDP dominance since 1955; pacifist Constitution (Article 9).
5. Brazil – Federal presidential republic. Directly elected President (4-yr, 2-term limit); Congress (Chamber + Senate). Multi-party; runoff elections; strong judiciary.

Others: France (semi-presidential), South Africa (parliamentary with executive president), Sweden/Norway (monarchies), Australia/NZ (Westminster), South Korea/Taiwan (post-authoritarian presidential).