How did the British get permission to establish a trading port in Singapore?

In 1819, Sir Stamford Raffles, a British colonial official, arrived in Singapore and recognized its potential as a strategic trading post. He approached the local Malay ruler, Sultan Hussein Shah, and negotiated a treaty that allowed the British to establish a trading post in Singapore in exchange for an annual payment. The treaty was signed on 6 February 1819, and Singapore became a British colony.