1. Treaty with Colombia (1903)
- The Hay–Herrán Treaty was signed between the United States and Colombia in 1903.
- It granted the United States the rights to build a canal across the Isthmus of Panama.
- However, the Colombian Senate rejected the treaty, leading to the secession of Panama from Colombia.
2. Panama Canal Treaties (1977)
- After the secession of Panama, the United States signed the Panama Canal Treaties with Panama in 1977.
- These treaties gave Panama control over the Panama Canal and its surrounding areas.
- The United States agreed to withdraw all military forces from Panama by the end of 1999.
- The treaties also established a Panama Canal Authority, which is responsible for the administration, maintenance, and operation of the canal.
