- The depletion of oxygen in the water, which can kill fish and other aquatic life
- The production of toxins that can cause illness in humans and animals
- The clogging of water filters, which can lead to water shortages
- The alteration of food webs, which can have a negative impact on the entire ecosystem
In North Carolina, excess nitrates from farm runoff are a major contributor to algal blooms. The state has a large number of farms, and the use of fertilizers and manure can lead to high levels of nitrates in water runoff. These nitrates then enter waterways and contribute to algal bloom formation.
Algal blooms are a serious problem in North Carolina, and they have caused a number of problems for the state's economy and environment. In recent years, the state has taken steps to address the problem, including working with farmers to reduce the amount of nitrates that enter water runoff.