Key Buildings Inside a Medieval Castle

• Great Hall: Central living/dining/entertaining space; often on keep's first floor.
• Keep (Donjon): Fortified tower; last refuge; thick stone walls.
• Gatehouse: Fortified entry with portcullis, drawbridge, murder holes, guardrooms.
• Barracks: Soldier housing on curtain walls or bailey.
• Stables: Near gatehouse for horses, tack, wagons.
• Kitchen: Often basement-level in keep; massive fireplaces, ovens.
• Chapel: Private worship space; upper keep or separate building.
• Well: Critical siege resource; usually in inner bailey.
• Dungeon/Oubliette: Prison cells in keep basement.
• Towers: Wall towers for flanking fire, observation, storage.

Each served defense, domestic life, or administration.