How do you pronounce Russian letters?

Pronouncing Russian letters requires knowledge of the specific sounds associated with each letter. Here's a general pronunciation guide for Russian letters:

Vowels

- А (a): pronounced as "ah," similar to the "a" in "father"

- Е (e): pronounced as "ye," similar to the "e" in "yes"

- Ё (yo): pronounced as "yo," similar to the "io" in "yo-yo"

- И (i): pronounced as "ee," similar to the "ee" in "meet"

- О (o): pronounced as "aw," similar to the "aw" in "saw"

- У (u): pronounced as "oo," similar to the "oo" in "boot"

- Ы (y): pronounced as a short, guttural "uh" sound

- Э (e): pronounced as "eh," similar to the "a" in "apple"

Consonants

- Б (b): pronounced as "b"

- В (v): pronounced as "v"

- Г (g): pronounced as "g"

- Д (d): pronounced as "d"

- Ж (zh): pronounced as a soft "zh" sound, like the "s" in "pleasure"

- З (z): pronounced as "z"

- Й (y): pronounced as "y," similar to the "y" in "yes"

- К (k): pronounced as "k"

- Л (l): pronounced as "l"

- М (m): pronounced as "m"

- Н (n): pronounced as "n"

- П (p): pronounced as "p"

- Р (r): pronounced as a rolled "r" sound

- С (s): pronounced as "s"

- Т (t): pronounced as "t"

- Ф (f): pronounced as "f"

- Х (kh): pronounced as a soft "kh" sound, like the "ch" in "loch"

- Ц (ts): pronounced as "ts"

- Ч (ch): pronounced as "ch"

- Ш (sh): pronounced as "sh"

- Щ (shch): pronounced as a soft "shch" sound, similar to the "sh" in "shepherd"

- Ъ (hard sign): does not represent a sound on its own but affects the pronunciation of preceding consonants, making them harder or softer

- Ь (soft sign): does not represent a sound on its own but affects the pronunciation of preceding consonants, making them softer or palatalized

Note that Russian pronunciation involves additional aspects like stress and intonation, which are important for accurate pronunciation of words and sentences.