- Official language of Uzbekistan
- Turkic language closely related to Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Karakalpak, Uighur, and Uyghur.
- Most widely spoken language in Uzbekistan.
2. Russian:
- Heritage of Soviet Union
- Widely used as a lingua franca in business, government, and academia.
- Significant Russian-speaking minority.
3. Tajiki (Tojik tili):
- Closely related to Persian and Dari.
- Spoken by a significant Tajik minority, especially in the Samarkand region.
4. Kazakh:
- Turkic language closely related to Uzbek.
- Spoken by a small Kazakh minority in Uzbekistan, mainly in the southern regions.
5. Kyrgyz:
- Turkic language spoken by a small Kyrgyz minority in Uzbekistan, primarily in the Ferghana Valley.
6. Karakalpak:
- Turkic language closely related to Uzbek.
- Spoken by the Karakalpak people in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, an autonomous region of Uzbekistan.
7. English:
- Increasingly studied as a foreign language, particularly in urban areas and among the younger generation.
8. Arabic:
- Used for religious and cultural purposes, especially in traditional Islamic settings.
9. Persian:
- Literary language with historical significance, especially in the cultural heritage of Samarkand and Bukhara.