Why north and south Sudan split?

Religious and ethnic differences: Sudan is a religiously and ethnically diverse country. Northern Sudan is predominantly Muslim, while the south is predominantly Christian or animist. Different tribal groups also have distinct cultures and traditions.

Civil war: Sudan experienced a lengthy and brutal civil war between the Sudanese government and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), which represented southern Sudanese interests. The conflict lasted for over 50 years and claimed the lives of an estimated 2.5 million people.

Political and economic marginalization: Southern Sudan has historically felt politically and economically marginalized by the northern-dominated Sudanese government. This sentiment was exacerbated by policies such as the Khartoum-based government's imposition of sharia (Islamic law) throughout Sudan, despite significant Christian and animist populations in the south.

Self-determination: Southern Sudanese have long desired self-determination and the ability to control their own affairs. The SPLM's call for a referendum on self-determination was a major catalyst for the 2011 referendum, which resulted in the separation of South Sudan.

International support: The international community, including the United States, played a significant role in supporting the secession of South Sudan. The referendum and subsequent independence of South Sudan were widely supported by the international community, which saw it as a means to end the long-standing conflict and allow the people of South Sudan to determine their own destiny.