How and when did Abyssinia secure Eritrea?

When did Abyssinia secure Eritrea?: In the 1880s, during the reign of Emperor Yohannes IV of Ethiopia, Abyssinia (present-day Ethiopia) took control of the northern Eritrean territories, including the port city of Massawa, from the Ottoman Empire.

How did Abyssinia secure Eritrea?:

- Treaty of Adwa: In 1884, Italy and Abyssinia signed the Treaty of Adwa, which recognized Abyssinia's sovereignty over northern Eritrea, including the port of Massawa. However, Italy continued to occupy Massawa and other coastal areas.

- Battle of Adwa (1896): Ethiopia defeated Italy in the First Italo-Ethiopian War (1895-1896) led by Emperor Menelik II. This victory secured Ethiopia's independence and forced Italy to withdraw its forces from Ethiopia and Eritrea.

- Treaty of Addis Ababa (1896): The Treaty of Addis Ababa, signed after the Battle of Adwa, confirmed Abyssinia's victory and sovereignty over Eritrea, marking the end of Italian colonial rule in Eritrea and the establishment of Ethiopia's control over the region.