Born c. 1809, Crowther was captured by slave traders, freed by the British Royal Navy, and educated in Sierra Leone. Ordained as an Anglican priest, he became a CMS missionary, translating the Bible into Yoruba and other languages.
Consecrated Bishop of the Niger Territory on 29 June 1864, he oversaw mission expansion, established schools, and negotiated with local leaders despite internal mission conflicts. Ill health forced his resignation in 1891; he died 31 December 1891.
Crowther’s linguistic work and indigenous leadership model laid foundations for Nigerian Christianity’s growth.