Egypt's Weather by Region: Mediterranean, Desert, Red Sea & Nile Valley

Four Climate Zones in One Country

Egypt's weather varies dramatically from coast to desert. Here's a regional breakdown:

1. Mediterranean Coast (Alexandria, Marsa Matruh, Port Said)

• Climate: Mediterranean (Csa).
• Summer: 25–30°C (77–86°F), humid, rare rain.
• Winter: 10–18°C (50–64°F), wettest season (150–200 mm/yr).
• Best: Apr–Jun, Sep–Nov.

2. Nile Valley & Delta (Cairo, Luxor, Aswan, Giza)

• Climate: Hot desert (BWh).
• Summer: 35–42°C (95–108°F), very dry. Cairo: 35–38°C.
• Winter: 18–22°C (64–72°F) days, 8–12°C (46–54°F) nights.
• Rain: Negligible (<25 mm/yr Cairo); mostly Nov–Mar.
• Best: Oct–Apr (peak tourist season).

3. Red Sea Coast (Hurghada, Sharm El Sheikh, Marsa Alam)

• Climate: Hot desert (BWh), moderated by sea.
• Summer: 35–40°C (95–104°F), water 28–30°C.
• Winter: 20–25°C (68–77°F), water 22–24°C — prime dive season.
• Rain: Extremely rare.
• Best: Year-round; Mar–May, Sep–Nov optimal.

4. Western & Eastern Deserts (Sahara, Sinai interior)

• Climate: Extreme hyper-arid (BWn).
• Summer: 40–50°C+ (104–122°F) days; nights 20–25°C drop.
• Winter: 15–25°C days; near freezing nights possible.
• Rain: Virtually zero; occasional flash floods.
• Best: Nov–Feb (daytime comfort).

Climate Change Signals

• Rising summer maxima (Aswan hit 51°C 2023).
• Sea-level rise threatens Alexandria, Delta.
• Nile flow uncertainty (GERD dam + Ethiopian rainfall variability).
• Increasing dust/sandstorm frequency.

Pack layers, high-SPF sunscreen, hat, and ample water regardless of season.