Every Country with a Permanent Antarctic Research Station

As of 2024, 29 nations operate year-round (permanent) research stations in Antarctica under the Antarctic Treaty System. The list:

• Argentina (6 stations)
• Australia (3)
• Belarus (1)
• Brazil (1)
• Bulgaria (1)
• Chile (5)
• China (4)
• Czech Republic (1)
• Ecuador (1)
• France (1, plus joint Concordia with Italy)
• Germany (1)
• India (2)
• Italy (1, plus Concordia)
• Japan (1)
• South Korea (2)
• Netherlands (1, summer-only but year-round presence via partners)
• New Zealand (1)
• Norway (1)
• Peru (1)
• Poland (1)
• Russia (5)
• South Africa (1)
• Spain (2)
• Sweden (1, summer-only)
• Ukraine (1)
• United Kingdom (2)
• United States (3, including Amundsen-Scott at the Pole)
• Uruguay (1)

Note: Several other countries (Belgium, Finland, Canada, etc.) run seasonal stations or collaborate on shared facilities. The Treaty reserves Antarctica for peaceful science; no military bases, no mineral extraction.