Africa's Rainfall: Average 25 Inches, But Extremes Rule

Continent-wide average: ~25 inches (650 mm) per year. But distribution is wildly uneven:

• Equatorial zone (Congo, Gulf of Guinea): 80+ inches (2,000+ mm) – rainforest.
• Sahara Desert: < 1 inch (25 mm) – hyper-arid.
• Sahel/Savannas: 20–60 inches, highly seasonal.
• Mediterranean coasts (N & S): Winter rain, summer dry.

Climate change is increasing variability and extremes.