The Ten Plagues of Egypt: Biblical Narrative

According to the Book of Exodus, God sent ten plagues to compel Pharaoh to free the Israelites:

1. Water to Blood – Nile & all water sources turn bloody; fish die.
2. Frogs – Infest homes, fields, ovens.
3. Gnats/Lice – Dust becomes biting insects.
4. Flies – Swarms torment people and livestock.
5. Livestock Pestilence – Egyptian animals die; Israelites' spared.
6. Boils – Painful sores on humans and beasts.
7. Hail & Fire – Devastating storm destroys crops, kills exposed.
8. Locusts – Devour all remaining vegetation.
9. Darkness – Three days of palpable darkness; Israelites have light.
10. Death of Firstborn – Every Egyptian firstborn (human & animal) dies; Israelites marked by lamb's blood are passed over.

The tenth plague precipitates the Exodus. The narrative is central to Passover (Pesach).