What brought wealth th Axum and Great Zimbabwe kingdoms?

1. Trade: Axum was a major trading power in the ancient world, connecting the Roman Empire, the Middle East, and India. It exported gold, ivory, rhinoceros horn, and slaves, and imported silk, spices, and luxury goods.

2. Agriculture: Axum was also a major agricultural center, producing wheat, barley, sorghum, and millet. The kingdom had a sophisticated irrigation system that allowed it to produce crops year-round.

3. Mining: Axum also mined gold, copper, and iron. These resources were used to make jewelry, coins, and weapons.

Great Zimbabwe:

1. Gold Mining: Great Zimbabwe was the center of a major gold-mining region. The kingdom exported gold to trading partners in Africa, Asia, and Europe.

2. Agriculture: Great Zimbabwe also produced a variety of crops, including sorghum, millet, maize, and cowpeas. The kingdom had a complex agricultural system that included irrigation and terracing.

3. Cattle Herding: Cattle were an important part of the Great Zimbabwe economy. They were used for meat, milk, and as a form of currency.