- Located in the northern part of present-day Ethiopia and neighboring regions.
- Founded by the legendary King Ezana, it became a powerful kingdom in the region.
- Developed agriculture and trade, including long-distance trade with the Roman Empire and other civilizations.
- Adopted Christianity in the 4th century AD and built numerous churches and monuments, including the famous rock-hewn churches of Lalibela.
- Aksum was a major center for trade and cultural exchange between Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean region.
- Declined and eventually collapsed in the 10th century AD due to internal conflicts, external invasions, and environmental challenges.
- Later, the Zagwe dynasty and the Solomonic dynasty emerged in the region.