Here are some key items that were traded in sub-Saharan Africa before European colonization:
1. Gold: Gold was one of the most valuable and widely traded commodities. Gold was found in various parts of Africa, including West Africa (Ghana, Mali), Southern Africa (Zimbabwe), and East Africa (Ethiopia). It was traded with Europe, the Middle East, and Asia for various goods such as salt, cloth, and spices.
2. Ivory: Elephant ivory was another valuable commodity. It was used for making ornaments, carvings, and other luxury goods. Ivory was traded with Europe, China, and India.
3. Slaves: The trans-Saharan and Atlantic slave trades were major aspects of pre-colonial African trade. African people were captured and sold into slavery, mainly to European and Arab slave traders. This trade caused immense suffering and depopulation in many African regions.
4. Agricultural Products: Various agricultural products were traded within Africa and beyond. Crops such as millet, sorghum, rice, and cassava were exchanged between different African regions. African farmers also exported products such as palm oil, kola nuts, and spices.
5. Animal Products: Animal products such as hides, leather, and meat were also important trade items. Cattle, sheep, goats, and camels were raised and traded for various purposes, including food and transportation.
6. Salt: Salt was a crucial commodity in pre-colonial Africa as it was essential for preserving food and seasoning. Salt was obtained from salt flats, salt mines, or salt springs and was traded extensively throughout the region.
7. Cloth: Cloth and textiles were produced and traded in different parts of Africa. Cotton, wool, and silk were used to make clothing, blankets, and other fabrics. These were traded within Africa and exported to other regions.
8. Crafts and Art: African artisans produced various crafts and art, such as sculptures, pottery, jewelry, and musical instruments. These were traded both within Africa and outside, showcasing the region's rich artistic heritage.
In summary, pre-colonial sub-Saharan Africa had diverse trade networks and traded various commodities, including gold, ivory, slaves, agricultural products, animal products, salt, cloth, crafts, and art. These贸易routes and exchanges linked Africa with Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, contributing to cultural, economic, and political interactions between different parts of the world.
