Zambia's Economy: Growth Amid Poverty, Debt, and Copper Dependence

Zambia's economy is relatively diversified and has seen recent growth, yet faces structural challenges:

• Strengths: Copper price recovery, improved energy supply, agricultural gains drove moderate 2021 rebound.
• Weaknesses: High poverty and inequality; heavy reliance on copper exports; external debt at high risk of distress; debt service consumes large revenue share; elevated (though decelerating) inflation.

Sustained growth requires credible policies, strong governance, and structural reforms to achieve inclusivity and resilience.