- The Arabic name Sudan, means "Land of the Blacks," likely referring to the country's predominant Black population. The term "Sudan" was in use as early as the 10th century CE.
- Another theory suggests that the name "Sudan" is derived from the ancient Nubian city of Soba. Soba was the capital of the powerful kingdom of Kush, and it's believed that the Arabic name "Sudan" may have come from the name of this city.
- Yet another theory suggests that the name "Sudan" is derived from the Arabic word "Sawad," which means "black land." This name was used to describe the fertile Nile River Valley in Egypt and Sudan, which contrasted with the surrounding deserts.
Overall, the most widely accepted theory is that Sudan's name is derived from the Arabic word "Bilad as-Sudan," which translates to "Land of the Blacks."