Ming Dynasty Capitals: Nanjing (1368–1421), Then Beijing (1421–1644)

The Ming Dynasty had two capitals:

1. Nanjing (Yingtian) – 1368 to 1421 (founding by Zhu Yuanzhang / Hongwu Emperor)
2. Beijing (Shuntian → renamed Beijing) – 1421 to 1644 (moved by Zhu Di / Yongle Emperor)

The city was renamed "Beijing" (Northern Capital) in 1421 upon becoming the primary capital. Nanjing retained "Southern Capital" status.

Beijing remained China's capital through Qing (1644–1912) and into the Republic/PRC (except 1928–1949: Nanjing).