Is Indonesia considered a fragmented state?

Indonesia has often been considered a fragmented state. It is an archipelagic country made up of over 17,000 islands. This makes it difficult to provide uniform governance and services across the country. As a result, there are significant regional disparities in terms of economic development, infrastructure, and access to education and healthcare.

There are also significant ethnic, linguistic, and religious diversity within Indonesia. This diversity can lead to social and political tensions. In addition, Indonesia has a history of separatist movements, some of which have been violent. These factors all contribute to the perception of Indonesia as a fragmented state.

However, it is important to note that despite these challenges, Indonesia has managed to maintain its unity as a nation. This is due in part to the country's strong sense of national identity and the efforts of the Indonesian government to promote unity and cohesion.