China's Early 20th Century Internal Crises

Three major internal problems plagued China in the early 1900s:

1. Qing Dynasty collapse: Corruption, weak central authority, and inability to modernize led to fragmentation.
2. Foreign imperialism: Unequal treaties ceded territory, granted concessions, and fueled nationalist resentment.
3. Warlordism and regionalism: Absence of strong central government allowed military factions to control regions, causing chronic instability.