* Ornamentation: This refers to the use of small, decorative notes to embellish a melody.
* Heterophony: This refers to the simultaneous performance of two or more slightly different versions of a melody.
* Polyphony: This refers to the simultaneous performance of two or more independent melodies.
* Call and response: This refers to a musical structure in which a lead singer sings a phrase and a chorus responds.
* Gamelan: This refers to a type of Indonesian orchestra that uses tuned gongs, metallophones, and xylophones.
* Angklung: This refers to a type of Indonesian bamboo rattle.
* Kulintang: This refers to a type of Philippine gong.
* Suling: This refers to a type of Philippine flute.
* Dabus: This refers to a type of Southeast Asian frame drum.