| Factor | Pakistan | Bangladesh | Germany |
|---|---|---|---|
| Labor | Large, mostly unskilled; high unemployment | Large, mostly unskilled; high unemployment | Highly skilled; low unemployment |
| Capital | Low investment; instability, poor business climate | Low investment; instability, poor business climate | High investment; stable, favorable climate |
| Natural Resources | Coal, iron, copper, gas; poor infrastructure limits use | Mostly natural gas; disaster-prone (floods, cyclones) | Coal, iron, copper, gas; advanced infrastructure enables efficient extraction |
Economic Impact: Pakistan & Bangladesh = developing, labor-intensive exports (textiles). Germany = developed, capital-intensive exports (machinery, vehicles). Factor endowments drive trade patterns.