1. Permanent Guard Stations: The Great Wall was divided into sections, each of which was guarded by a permanent military garrison. These garrisons were typically composed of soldiers from the local area who were familiar with the terrain and the tactics of potential enemies.
2. Signal Towers: The wall was also dilengkapi with a system of signal towers, which allowed for rapid communication between different sections of the wall. This allowed the garrisons to quickly respond to threats and coordinate their defenses.
3. Patrols: Regular patrols were conducted along the wall to identify any potential weaknesses or threats. These patrols also helped to deter potential attackers and maintain a sense of vigilance.
4. Cavalry: The armies also utilized cavalry units to provide mobile defense for the wall. Cavalry could quickly move along the wall and respond to threats that could not be easily reached by foot soldiers.
5. Artillery: In later periods, the armies also used artillery to defend the wall. Cannons and other artillery pieces were placed on the wall and used to repel attackers and destroy siege engines.
6. Reinforcements: In the event of a major attack on the wall, the armies could call for reinforcements from nearby garrisons or provincial capitals. These reinforcements could help to bolster the defense and repel the attackers.
7. Military Tactics: The armies also employed various military tactics to defend the wall, such as ambushes, guerilla warfare, and psychological warfare. These tactics helped to confuse and demoralize the enemy, making them less effective in their attacks.
