Wildlife of Mumbai: Species List for India's Megacity

Despite being India's densest megacity (~21M metro), Mumbai retains surprising biodiversity across Sanjay Gandhi National Park (SGNP), coastal zones, mangroves, and urban green spaces.

Mammals (SGNP & Surroundings)

• Big cats: Leopard (resident, ~40–50 in SGNP), occasional tiger dispersals
• Small cats: Rusty-spotted cat, jungle cat, fishing cat
• Canids: Golden jackal, Indian fox
• Ungulates: Sambar, chital (spotted deer), barking deer, four-horned antelope, wild boar
• Primates: Rhesus macaque, bonnet macaque, Hanuman langur
• Others: Striped hyena, sloth bear (rare), pangolin, porcupine, civets, mongooses, giant squirrels, flying foxes, bats

Birds (300+ species recorded)

• Wetland/coastal: Flamingos (Sewri mudflats), herons, egrets, ibises, sandpipers, gulls, terns
• Raptors: Brahminy kite, black kite, shikra, crested serpent eagle, white-bellied sea eagle
• Forest: Hornbills, woodpeckers, drongos, bulbuls, babblers, sunbirds, flycatchers
• Urban adapters: House crow, common myna, rock pigeon, rose-ringed parakeet, coppersmith barbet

Reptiles & Amphibians

• Snakes: Indian rock python, cobra (spectacled), Russell's viper, saw-scaled viper, common krait, rat snake, checkered keelback
• Lizards: Bengal monitor, garden lizard, geckos (house, bark), fan-throated lizard
• Amphibians: Indian bullfrog, skittering frog, cricket frog, common toad, tree frogs

Marine & Freshwater Fish

• Coastal: Bombay duck, pomfret, mackerel, sardine, anchovy, hilsa, sea bass, mullet
• Creeks/mangroves: Mudskipper, archerfish, cichlids, catfish
• Lakes/tanks: Tilapia, carp, rohu, catla (stocked)

Conservation Context

• SGNP (104 km²): World's largest urban national park; critical leopard habitat
• Threats: Habitat fragmentation, human-wildlife conflict, pollution, encroachment
• Successes: Leopard coexistence model, flamingo recovery, mangrove restoration