- Ahmad Shah Durrani: The founder of the Afghan Empire, which ruled from 1747 to 1823.
- Amir Abdur Rahman Khan: The ruler of Afghanistan from 1880 to 1901, who is credited with modernizing the country.
- Amanullah Khan: The ruler of Afghanistan from 1919 to 1929, who is credited with introducing many reforms, including the emancipation of women.
- Mohammad Zahir Shah: The last king of Afghanistan, who ruled from 1933 to 1973.
- Mohammad Daoud Khan: The first president of Afghanistan, who ruled from 1973 to 1978.
- Mohammad Najibullah: The last communist leader of Afghanistan, who ruled from 1986 to 1992.
- Burhanuddin Rabbani: The first president of the Islamic State of Afghanistan, which ruled from 1992 to 1996.
- Mullah Omar: The founder of the Taliban, which ruled Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001.
- Hamid Karzai: The first democratically elected president of Afghanistan, who ruled from 2004 to 2014.
- Ashraf Ghani: The second democratically elected president of Afghanistan, who ruled from 2014 to 2021.
Events
- The Battle of Maiwand: A British defeat in the Second Anglo-Afghan War, which took place in 1880.
- The Afghan Civil War: A conflict between the communist government of Afghanistan and the mujahideen, which lasted from 1978 to 1992.
- The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan: A military intervention by the Soviet Union to support the communist government of Afghanistan, which lasted from 1979 to 1989.
- The Taliban Takeover: The Taliban's capture of Kabul and the establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, which took place in 1996.
- The 9/11 Attacks: A series of terrorist attacks in the United States, which led to the United States invasion of Afghanistan in 2001.
- The War in Afghanistan: A conflict between the United States and the Taliban, which lasted from 2001 to 2021.
- The Fall of Kabul: The Taliban's capture of Kabul and the collapse of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, which took place in 2021.
