Australia has no official language at the federal level. However, English is the de facto national language—used in government, courts, education, media, and daily life by ~72% of the population at home (2021 Census).
| Language Spoken at Home | % |
|---|---|
| English only | 72.0% |
| Mandarin | 2.7% |
| Arabic | 1.4% |
| Vietnamese | 1.3% |
| Cantonese | 1.2% |
| Punjabi | 0.9% |
| Greek | 0.9% |
| Italian | 0.8% |
| 150+ Indigenous languages | <1% total (many endangered) |
| Other / not stated | ~18% |
Bottom line: English is the universal lingua franca; no law declares it "official." Australia is functionally monolingual in governance but linguistically diverse in homes.