Wanderlust World Wanderlust World European colonization caused indigenous dispossession, displacement, cultural clashes.
Rapid city growth (Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide); crowded slums, poor working-class housing.
Prosperous, based on agriculture, wool, gold mining.
"White Australia Policy" restricted non-European immigration.
Compulsory, free to a level; disparities in higher education access.
Limited; charities played major role.
Suffrage achieved in some states pre-1914, but many legal/social restrictions remained.
Harsh factory/mine conditions: long hours, low wages; unions emerging.
Rail networks improved connectivity; telegraph and postal services established.
Australian literature, art, music flourishing; distinct identity forming.
Limited services, variable quality; infectious diseases prevalent.
Faced discrimination, exclusion, severely curtailed rights.
Conditions varied widely: wealthy lived comfortably, while poverty, inequality, and social tensions were stark for many.